Healthy Organism

Our computational models simulate both healthy human physiology and various pathological states, with each individual module undergoing extensive calibration against empirical data sourced from the latest clinical studies, cutting-edge biomedical research, and authoritative academic textbooks. The validation process for AIBODY is structured to ensure accuracy and reliability across multiple physiological modules throughout the entire organism, integrated within the software development lifecycle. This approach guarantees that each module performs optimally in isolation.

Additionally, the engine's responsiveness to dynamic inputs, such as pathological states or therapeutic interventions, is rigorously tested to confirm its robust predictive capabilities. The integration of these physiological modules is validated through thorough system-wide calibration conducted after each deployment, ensuring that interactions between different physiological components are accurately depicted and function cohesively.

Vitals

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
Heart Rate	72	60 - 100	BPM	Mason JW, Ramseth DJ, Chanter DO, Moon TE, Goodman DB, Mendzelevski B. Electrocardiographic reference ranges derived from 79,743 ambulatory subjects. J Electrocardiol. 2007 Jul;40(3):228–34.
ABP Systolic	121.5	119.9 ± 15.9	mmHg	Lin JD, Chen YL, Wu CZ, Hsieh CH, Pei D, Liang YJ, et al. Identification of Normal Blood Pressure in Different Age Group. Medicine. 2016 Apr 8;95(14):e3188.
ABP Diastolic	73	75.3 ± 10.9	mmHg	Lin JD, Chen YL, Wu CZ, Hsieh CH, Pei D, Liang YJ, et al. Identification of Normal Blood Pressure in Different Age Group. Medicine. 2016 Apr 8;95(14):e3188.
CVP	10.5	8 - 12	mmHg	Shah P, Louis MA. Physiology, Central Venous Pressure. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 18].
SpO₂	98	94 - 98	%	O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, Mak V. British Thoracic Society Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. BMJ Open Respiratory Research. 2017 May 15;4(1):e000170.
ET-CO₂	37	35 - 45	mmHg	Greenbaum H. Emergency Capnography. 1st ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 21].
Tidal Volume	490	420 - 560	mL	Poole J, McDowell C, Lall R, Perkins G, McAuley D, Gao F, et al. Individual patient data analysis of tidal volumes used in three large randomized control trials involving patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Apr;118(4):570–5.
Respiratory Rate	19	11 - 20	BPM	Natarajan A, Su HW, Heneghan C, Blunt L, O’Connor C, Niehaus L. Measurement of respiratory rate using wearable devices and applications to COVID-19 detection. NPJ Digital Medicine. 2021 Sep 15;4:136.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)	89.2	70 - 100	mmHg	Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW. Roberts and Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute care, 7th edn. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier, 2018, pp. 1529–1541.
Cardiac Output	7.1	6.57 ± 1.19	L/min	Boland J, Gazibarich G, Wang L, Muller D. Importance of Valid Reference Ranges for Cardiac Output-Derived Haemodynamic Variables. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2017 Jan 1;26:S137

Hem-monitor

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
Hb	119.2	120-160	g/L	McKenzie SB, Williams JL. Clinical Laboratory Hematology. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education; 2015. p. 123-125.
Hct	43.2	40 - 54	%	Billett HH. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations [Internet]. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990 [cited 2024 Nov 18].
O₂ Transport	13.2	8.3 - 16.7	mL/s	O’Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, Mak V. British Thoracic Society Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. BMJ Open Respiratory Research. 2017 May 15;4(1):e000170

Pulmonary module

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
Capillaries pH for left lung	7.3	7.35 - 7.41	mmHg	0.7	Klæstrup E, Trydal T, Pedersen J, Larsen J, Lundbye-Christensen S, Kristensen S. Reference intervals and age and gender dependency for arterial blood gases and electrolytes in adults. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49: 1495-1500
Capillaries pH for right lung	7.3	7.35 - 7.41	mmHg	0.7	Klæstrup E, Trydal T, Pedersen J, Larsen J, Lundbye-Christensen S, Kristensen S. Reference intervals and age and gender dependency for arterial blood gases and electrolytes in adults. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49: 1495-1500

Biochemistry

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
HCO₃	25.5	22 - 28	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 24, Electrolytes and Blood Gases; 426 p.
Lactate	0.93	0.3 - 1.5	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Witwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
H₂PO₄	0.98	0.8 - 1.45	mmol/L	Bishop ML, Fody EP, Schoeff LE. Clinical chemistry: principles, techniques, and correlations. 9th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2023. Chapter 11, Electrolytes; 342 p.
NH₃	34.3	11 - 35	μmol/L	Bishop ML, Fody EP, Schoeff LE. Clinical chemistry: principles, techniques, and correlations. 9th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2023. Chapter 7, Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds; 222 p.

Urea and Electrolytes

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
Uric acid	0.3	0.21 - 0.43	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Urea	3	2.1 - 7.1	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Creatine	30.3	15.3 - 53.3	μmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Creatinine	77.3	63 - 102	μmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 21, Kidney Function Tests; 366 p.

Electrolytes

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
Na	139.7	135 - 145	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
K	3.9	3.5 - 5.1	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Ca	2.3	2.12 - 2.57	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
P	1.2	0.81 - 1.45	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Cl	101.8	100 - 108	mmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.

Extracellular Fluid

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
H₂PO₄	1	1 - 1.5	mmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Na	140.2	135 - 145	mmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
K	4	3.5 - 5.1	mmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Ca	2.2	2.1 - 2.6	mmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
P	1.2	0.81 - 1.45	mmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Cl	103	100 - 108	mmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

Intracellular Fluid

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
H₂PO₄	75.6	70 - 90	mmol/L	0.0	Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed.Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. Chapter 25, The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema; 307-308 pp.
Na	10.1	10 - 20	mmol/L	0.0	Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed.Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. Chapter 25, The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema; 307-308 pp.
K	139.1	140 - 150	mmol/L	0.6	Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed.Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. Chapter 25, The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema; 307-308 pp.
Cl	3.9	4 - 8	mmol/L	2.5	Guyton AC, Hall JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed.Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. Chapter 25, The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema; 307-308 pp.

Amino Acids

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
Gly (Glycine)	207.2	120 - 540	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Ala (Alanine)	417.9	210 - 661	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Val (Valine)	256	141 - 317	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Leu (Leucine)	160.9	75 - 175	μmol/L	0.3	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Ser (Serine)	160.7	65 - 193	μmol/L	3.5	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Asp (Aspartic acid)	4.3	< 24	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Glu (Glutamic acid)	25.7	14 - 192	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Asn (Asparagine)	60.5	30 - 69	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Gln (Glutamine)	653.6	396 - 711	μmol/L	0.3	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
His (Histidine)	61.6	32 - 107	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Lys (Lysine)	151.9	83 - 238	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Arg (Arginine)	45.9	21 - 138	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Cys (Cysteine)	67.8	33 - 117	μmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Met (Methionine)	13.4	6 - 40	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Phe (Phenylalanine)	71.3	48 - 109	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Trp (Tryptophan)	47.9	20 - 95	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Pro (Proline)	192.9	58 - 324	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.

Vitamins

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
Folate (B9)	13.3	5.2 - 29.2	nmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Cyanocobalamin (B12)	267	133 - 595	pmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Thiamine (B1)	189.9	74 - 222	nmol/L	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Ascorbate (C)	56.5	23 - 85	μmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Cholecalciferol (D3)	102.7	21 - 116	pmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Tocopherol (E)	31.7	12 - 42	μmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Phylloquinone (K1)	2.5	0.29 - 2.64	nmol/L	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.

Lipid Metabolites

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
Cholesterol	4	2.59 - 7.1	mmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
Glycerol	0.11	< 0.16	mmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

Fatty acids

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Reference
Palmitoleic acid	176.5	27.7 - 555.9	μmol/L	Abdelmagid SA, Clarke SE, Nielsen DE, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Mutch DM, et al. Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 12;10(2):e0116195.
Palmitic acid	1050.6	712.5 - 2549.2	μmol/L	Abdelmagid SA, Clarke SE, Nielsen DE, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Mutch DM, et al. Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 12;10(2):e0116195.
Oleic acid	953.8	452.1 - 2118.9	μmol/L	Abdelmagid SA, Clarke SE, Nielsen DE, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Mutch DM, et al. Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 12;10(2):e0116195.
Linoleic acid	1657.1	867.1 - 3422.3	μmol/L	Abdelmagid SA, Clarke SE, Nielsen DE, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A, Mutch DM, et al. Comprehensive Profiling of Plasma Fatty Acid Concentrations in Young Healthy Canadian Adults. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 12;10(2):e0116195.

Hormones

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
Testosterone	21.7	10.4 - 41.6	nmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Cortisol	188.5	138 - 690	nmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Aldosterone	0.18	0.19 - 0.83	nmol/L	5.3	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Prolactin	0.48	0.4 - 3.1	nmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Insulin	74.3	17 - 153	pmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Estriol	3.5	< 69	nmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Calcitonin	0.61	< 70	pmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Glucagon	21.5	5.74 - 28.7	pmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	0.96	< 15.03	pmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Vasopressin	3.8	0 - 5.4	pmol/L	0.0	Ph.D. Laposata, Michael, M.D. Laboratory Medicine: The Diagnosis of Disease in the Clinical Laboratory. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

Proteins

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
Albumin	645.4	500 - 800	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019. Chapter 18, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; 301 p.
IgA	17.5	5 - 30	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Ceruloplasmin	2	2 - 5	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
IgG	66.2	40 - 120	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Transferrin (siderophilin)	52	25 - 47.5	nmol/L	8.2	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
IgM	1.1	0.56 - 2.44	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.

Coagulation Factors

Parameter Name	Organism Value	Reference Value	Unit	Deviation %	Reference
Fibrinogen	8.8	4.41 - 11.76	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.
Antithrombin III	5	3.62 - 5.17	μmol/L	0.0	Rifai N, Horvath AR, Wittwer CT. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 8th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019.